Matter of T-O-S-U-

January 4, 2017 PM-602-0140 Policy Memorandum SUBJECT: Matter of T-O-S-U-, Adopted Decision 2017-01 (AAO Jan. 4, 2017) This policy memorandum (PM) designates the attached decision of the Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) in Matter of T-O-S-U- as an Adopted Decision. Accordingly, this adopted decision establishes policy guidance that applies to and binds all USCIS employees. USCIS personnel are directed to follow the reasoning in this decision in similar cases. Matter of T-O-S-U- clarifies that, for purposes of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C) (2016), a “physician of national or international renown” is a doctor of medicine or osteopathy who is widely acclaimed and highly honored in the field of medicine within one or more countries, so long as the achievements leading to national renown are comparable to that which would result in national renown in the United States. The decision also suggests, but does not mandate, what types of evidence may be persuasive in establishing eligibility for this exemption. Use This PM is intended solely for the guidance of USCIS personnel in the performance of their official duties. It is not intended to, does not, and may not be relied upon to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or by any individual or other party in removal proceedings, in litigation with the United States, or in any other form or manner. Contact Information Questions or suggestions regarding this PM should be addressed through appropriate directorate channels to the AAO.

2017年1月4日 PM-602-0140 政策备忘录 主题：Matter of T-O-S-U-，2017-01号采纳决定（AAO 2017年1月4日） 本政策备忘录（PM）将行政上诉办公室（AAO）在Matter of T-O-S-U-案中附随的决定指定为采纳决定。因此，该采纳决定确立了适用于并约束所有USCIS雇员的政策指导。USCIS人员被指示在类似案件中遵循该决定中的推理。 Matter of T-O-S-U-阐明，就8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)（2016）而言，“国内或国际知名的医生”是指在医学领域在一个或多个国家内广受赞誉并备受尊崇的医学博士或骨科医学博士，只要导致国内知名的成就可以与在美国会导致国内知名的成就相当。该决定还建议（但并未强制规定）哪些类型的证据可能在证明该豁免资格方面具有说服力。 使用 本PM仅供USCIS人员在履行其公务时作为指导。其无意、也不会、且不得被依赖以创设任何权利或利益，无论是实体性的还是程序性的，可在法律上或由任何个人或其他当事人在遣返程序中、在与美国的诉讼中、或以任何其他形式或方式强制执行。 联系信息 有关本PM的问题或建议应通过适当的局渠道向AAO提出。

ADOPTED DECISION MATTER OF T-O-S-U- ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS OFFICE U.S. CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY January 4, 2017 [1] For purposes of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C) (2016), a “physician of national or international renown” is a doctor of medicine or osteopathy who is widely acclaimed and highly honored in the field of medicine within one or more countries, so long as the achievements leading to national renown are comparable to that which would result in national renown in the United States. FOR THE PETITIONER: Mark J. Hedien, Esquire, Columbus, Ohio I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY The Petitioner filed a Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker, to classify the Beneficiary, an “Assistant Professor – Clinical Physician,” as an H-1B temporary nonimmigrant worker pursuant to section 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) (2012). The Director, California Service Center, denied the petition, concluding that the evidence did not demonstrate that the Beneficiary was exempt from the United States medical licensing examination requirement as a “physician of national or international renown in the field of medicine.” See 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C). The matter is now before us on appeal. Upon de novo review, we find that the Petitioner has overcome the specified basis for denial of the petition. We withdraw the Director’s decision and approve the petition. 1 On February 20, 2015, we issued this decision as a non-precedent decision. We have reopened this decision on our own motion under 8 C.F.R. § 103.5(a)(5)(i) for the purpose of making revisions in preparation for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services designating it as an Adopted Decision.

采纳决定 MATTER OF T-O-S-U- 行政上诉办公室 美国公民及移民服务局 国土安全部 2017年1月4日 [1] 就8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)（2016）而言，“国内或国际知名的医生”是指在医学领域在一个或多个国家内广受赞誉并备受尊崇的医学博士或骨科医学博士，只要导致国内知名的成就可以与在美国会导致国内知名的成就相当。 申请人代表：Mark J. Hedien，Esquire，俄亥俄州哥伦布市 I. 程序历史 申请人提交了I-129表，非移民工人申请表，以将受益人——“助理教授——临床医生”——根据《移民与国籍法》第101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b)条，8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b)（2012），归类为H-1B临时非移民工人。 加利福尼亚服务中心主任否决了该申请，认定证据未能证明受益人作为“医学领域国内或国际知名的医生”免于美国医师执照考试要求。见8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)。该事项现因上诉而由我们审理。经重新审查，我们认定申请人已克服否决申请所依据的特定理由。我们撤回主任的决定并批准该申请。 1 2015年2月20日，我们作为非先例决定发布了该决定。我们根据8 C.F.R. § 103.5(a)(5)(i)自行动议重新开启该决定，目的是进行修订，以备美国公民及移民服务局将其指定为采纳决定。

Matter of T-O-S-U- Adopted Decision

Matter of T-O-S-U- 采纳决定

II. APPLICABLE LAW AND INTERPRETATIONS Section 212(j) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1182(j), states in pertinent part: (2) An alien who is a graduate of a medical school and who is coming to the United States to perform services as a member of the medical profession may not be admitted as a nonimmigrant under section 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) unless— (A) the alien is coming pursuant to an invitation from a public or nonprofit private educational or research institution or agency in the United States to teach or conduct research, or both, at or for such institution or agency, or (B) (i) the alien has passed the Federation licensing examination (administered by the Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States) or an equivalent examination as determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and (ii) (I) has competency in oral and written English or (II) is a graduate of a school of medicine which is accredited by a body or bodies approved for the purpose by the Secretary of Education (regardless of whether such school of medicine is in the United States). Section 101(a)(41) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(41), defines the term “graduates of a medical school” to mean “aliens who have graduated from a medical school or who have qualified to practice medicine in a foreign state, other than such aliens who are of national or international renown in the field of medicine.” Because section 101(a)(41) of the Act excludes individuals of national or international renown in the field of medicine from the definition of “graduates of a medical school,” the former Immigration and Naturalization Service concluded that these individuals are not subject to section 212(j) of the Act. See 59 Fed. Reg. 1468, 1469 (Jan. 11, 1994) (amending the final rule “to indicate that aliens of national or international renown in the field of medicine are exempt [from the] requirements set forth in section 212(j)(2) of the Act”). Accordingly, in implementing sections 101(a)(41) and 212(j) of the Act, the regulations specifically provide a licensing examination exception for physicians of national or international renown in the field of medicine. The regulations at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii) state: Criteria and documentary requirements for H-1B petitions for physicians— (A) Beneficiary’s requirements. An H-1B petition for a physician shall be accompanied by evidence that the physician:

II. 适用法律与解释 《移民与国籍法》第212(j)条，8 U.S.C. § 1182(j)，相关部分规定： (2) 身为医学院毕业生并前来美国作为医学界成员提供服务的外国人，不得根据第101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b)条被接纳为非移民，除非—— (A) 该外国人系应美国公立或非营利私立教育或研究机构或机构的邀请前来，在该机构或机构或为其教学或进行研究，或两者兼有，或 (B) (i) 该外国人已通过联邦执照考试（由美国州医学委员会联合会管理）或由卫生与公众服务部部长确定的同等考试，且 (ii) (I) 具备口头和书面英语能力，或 (II) 系经教育部长为此目的批准的机构认证的医学院毕业生（无论该医学院是否在美国）。 《移民与国籍法》第101(a)(41)条，8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(41)，将“医学院毕业生”一词定义为“已从医学院毕业或已取得在外国行医资格的外国人，但医学领域国内或国际知名的此类外国人除外。” 由于《移民与国籍法》第101(a)(41)条将医学领域国内或国际知名的个人排除在“医学院毕业生”定义之外，原移民与归化局认定这些个人不受《移民与国籍法》第212(j)条约束。见59 Fed. Reg. 1468, 1469（1994年1月11日）（修订最终规则“以表明医学领域国内或国际知名的外国人免于[《移民与国籍法》]第212(j)(2)条规定的[要求]”）。因此，在实施《移民与国籍法》第101(a)(41)条和第212(j)条时，法规特别为医学领域国内或国际知名的医生规定了执照考试例外。 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)的法规规定： 医生H-1B申请的标准和文件要求—— (A) 受益人的要求。医生的H-1B申请应附有证据证明该医生：

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(1) Has a license or other authorization required by the state of intended employment to practice medicine, or is exempt by law therefrom, if the physician will perform direct patient care and the state requires the license or authorization, and (2) Has a full and unrestricted license to practice medicine in a foreign state or has graduated from a medical school in the United States or in a foreign state. (B) Petitioner’s requirements. The petitioner must establish that the alien physician: (1) Is coming to the United States primarily to teach or conduct research, or both, at or for a public or nonprofit private educational or research institution or agency, and that no patient care will be performed, except that which is incidental to the physician’s teaching or research; or (2) The alien has passed the Federation Licensing Examination (or an equivalent examination as determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services) or is a graduate of a United States medical school; 2 and (i) Has competency in oral and written English which shall be demonstrated by the passage of the English language proficiency test given by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates; or (ii) Is a graduate of a school of medicine accredited by a body or bodies approved for that purpose by the Secretary of Education. (C) Exception for physicians of national or international renown. A physician who is a graduate of a medical school in a foreign state and who is of national or international renown in the field of medicine is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (h)(4)(viii)(B) of this section. To satisfy the exemption at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C), the Petitioner must therefore demonstrate the Beneficiary: (1) is a physician; (2) is a graduate of a medical school in a foreign country; and (3) is of national or international renown in the field of medicine.

(1) 持有拟就业州要求的行医执照或其他授权，或依法免于该要求，如果该医生将提供直接患者护理且该州要求该执照或授权，且 (2) 持有在外国行医的完整且无限制的执照，或已从美国或外国的医学院毕业。 (B) 申请人的要求。申请人必须证明该外国医生： (1) 主要前来美国在公立或非营利私立教育或研究机构或机构或为其教学或进行研究，或两者兼有，且不会提供患者护理，但附属于该医生教学或研究的护理除外；或 (2) 该外国人已通过联邦执照考试（或由卫生与公众服务部部长确定的同等考试）或系美国医学院毕业生；2 且 (i) 具备口头和书面英语能力，该能力应通过外国医学毕业生教育委员会提供的英语语言能力测试来证明；或 (ii) 系经教育部长为此目的批准的机构认证的医学院毕业生。 (C) 国内或国际知名医生的例外。系外国医学院毕业生且在医学领域国内或国际知名的医生免于本节第(h)(4)(viii)(B)段的要求。 因此，为满足8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)的豁免，申请人必须证明受益人：(1) 是医生；(2) 是外国医学院毕业生；且 (3) 在医学领域国内或国际知名。

2 The United States Medical Licensing Examination (“USMLE”) replaced the Federation Licensing Examination. 57 Fed. Reg. 42,755 (Sept. 16, 1992); see also 59 Fed. Reg. 1468 (Jan. 11, 1994). Despite the existence of a national medical licensing examination, each individual state determines its own requirements for medical licensure. There are instances, such as in this case, where a state’s physician licensing examination requirement differs from that under federal immigration law such that a beneficiary may satisfy one but not the other. For an H-1B petition to be approved, a beneficiary must satisfy any licensing and licensing examination requirements that are mandated by the Act and controlling federal regulations.

2 美国医师执照考试（“USMLE”）取代了联邦执照考试。57 Fed. Reg. 42,755（1992年9月16日）；另见59 Fed. Reg. 1468（1994年1月11日）。尽管存在全国性医师执照考试，各州自行决定其医疗执照要求。存在这样的情况，如本案，某州的医师执照考试要求与联邦移民法下的要求不同，以致受益人可能满足其一而不满足另一要求。为使H-1B申请获得批准，受益人必须满足《移民与国籍法》和适用的联邦法规所规定的任何执照和执照考试要求。

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Matter of T-O-S-U- 采纳决定

LEGAL ANALYSIS A. Definitions Neither the Act nor the regulations define the terms “physician” or “of national or international renown in the field of medicine.” Accordingly, we reviewed the definitions of these terms with regard to their common usage as well as their meaning within the context of H-1B petitions and other nonimmigrant and immigrant classifications. 3 Taniguchi v. Kan Pacific Saipan, Ltd., 132 S. Ct. 1997, 2002-03 (2012) (explaining that terms that are undefined in a statute should be given its ordinary meaning). We look first to the term “physician.” While the term appears throughout Department of Homeland Security (DHS) immigration regulations, we found only one specific definition, stated parenthetically, in regulations relating to a national interest waiver for second-preference immigrant petitions: “[a]ny alien physician (namely doctors of medicine and doctors of osteopathy) . . . .” 8 C.F.R. § 204.12(a); see also 65 Fed. Reg. 53,889 (Sept. 6, 2000). Outside of the DHS immigration regulations, several other expert sources use a similar definition. For example, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) generally defines a physician as “a doctor of medicine or osteopathy.” 45 C.F.R. § 60.3. The U.S. Department of Labor’s (DOL) Occupational Outlook Handbook (“Handbook”) reports that there are two types of physicians: medical doctors and doctors of osteopathic medicine. 4 Lastly, the American Medical Association describes the term physician as a doctor of medicine or doctor of osteopathy. 5 Accordingly, this same definition, “doctor of medicine or osteopathy,” is appropriate for the term “physician” as used in 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C), and we hereby adopt it. Next we review the phrase “national or international.” The common dictionary definition of the term “national” is “of or relating to a nation . . . affecting one nation as distinguished from several nations or a supranational group.” See, e.g., Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (2017), available at http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/unabridged/national (last visited Jan. 4, 2017). The word “international” means “common to or affecting two or more nations.” Id. at http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/unabridged/international. Consistent with these definitions,

法律分析 A. 定义 《移民与国籍法》（下称“《法》”）和法规均未界定“physician”（医生）或“of national or international renown in the field of medicine”（在医学领域具有国内或国际声誉）这两个术语。因此，我们结合这两个术语的通常用法以及其在H-1B申请和其他非移民及移民类别语境中的含义，审查了这两个术语的定义。3 Taniguchi v. Kan Pacific Saipan, Ltd., 132 S. Ct. 1997, 2002-03 (2012)（解释称，法规中未定义的术语应赋予其通常含义）。 我们首先考察“physician”一词。尽管该词贯穿于国土安全部（DHS）移民法规之中，但我们仅发现一处具体定义，以括号形式表述于有关第二优先移民申请国家利益豁免的法规中：“[a]ny alien physician (namely doctors of medicine and doctors of osteopathy) . . . .”（任何外籍医生（即医学博士和骨科医学博士）……）。8 C.F.R. § 204.12(a)；另见65 Fed. Reg. 53,889 (Sept. 6, 2000)。 在DHS移民法规之外，若干其他专家来源也使用类似定义。例如，美国卫生与公众服务部（“HHS”）通常将医生定义为“a doctor of medicine or osteopathy”（医学博士或骨科医学博士）。45 C.F.R. § 60.3。美国劳工部（DOL）的《职业展望手册》（“《手册》”）报告称，医生有两类：医学博士和骨科医学博士。4 最后，美国医学会将“physician”一词描述为医学博士或骨科医学博士。5 因此，这一定义——“doctor of medicine or osteopathy”（医学博士或骨科医学博士）——适用于8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)中使用的“physician”一词，我们特此采纳该定义。 接下来我们审查“national or international”（国内的或国际的）这一短语。“national”一词的通用词典定义是“of or relating to a nation . . . affecting one nation as distinguished from several nations or a supranational group”（属于或关于一个国家的……影响一个国家，以区别于若干国家或超国家集团）。见，例如，Webster's Third New International Dictionary (2017)，可访问http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/unabridged/national（最后访问于2017年1月4日）。“international”一词意为“common to or affecting two or more nations”（两个或更多国家共有的或影响两个或更多国家的）。同上，http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/unabridged/international。与这些定义一致，

3 We need not consider the dictionary definition of “graduate of a medical school in a foreign country,” the third element necessary to satisfy the exemption at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C). Section 101(a)(41) of the Act itself defines the term “graduates of a medical school.” Consistent with that definition, we interpret the above phrase to mean individuals who have graduated from a foreign medical school or who have qualified to practice medicine in a foreign country. The final part of that definition, i.e., “other than such aliens who are of national or international renown in the field of medicine,” is inapplicable as it concerns the very exemption being considered here. 4 For additional information, see U.S. Dep’t of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2016-17 ed., “Physicians and Surgeons,” https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physicians-and-surgeons.htm (last visited Jan. 4, 2017). The DOL Handbook provides expert and persuasive information on the duties and educational requirements of a range of occupations. The Handbook is available on the Internet at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/. 5 See American Medical Ass’n (AMA) website, https://www.ama-assn.org/membership/ama-membership-eligibility (last visited Jan. 4, 2017), for a description of physicians.

3 我们无需考虑“graduate of a medical school in a foreign country”（外国医学院毕业生）的词典定义，这是满足8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)豁免所需的第三个要件。《法》第101(a)(41)条本身界定了“graduates of a medical school”（医学院毕业生）这一术语。与该定义一致，我们将上述短语解释为指已从外国医学院毕业或已取得外国行医资格的个人。该定义的最后一个部分，即“other than such aliens who are of national or international renown in the field of medicine”（除在医学领域具有国内或国际声誉的此类外籍人士外），不适用，因为其涉及的正是此处所审议的豁免本身。 4 更多信息，见U.S. Dep't of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2016-17 ed., “Physicians and Surgeons,” https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physicians-and-surgeons.htm（最后访问于2017年1月4日）。DOL《手册》就一系列职业的职责和教育要求提供了专家性和有说服力的信息。《手册》可在互联网上获取，网址为https://www.bls.gov/ooh/。 5 见American Medical Ass'n (AMA) website, https://www.ama-assn.org/membership/ama-membership-eligibility（最后访问于2017年1月4日），了解对医生的描述。

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for purposes of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C), the phrase “national or international” means within one (whether foreign or the United States) or more countries. 6 Turning our focus to “renown,” the commonly understood meaning of the term is “the state of being widely acclaimed and highly honored.” 7 See, e.g., Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (2017), available at http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/unabridged/renown (last visited Jan. 4, 2017). We will adopt this common dictionary definition of “renown” for purposes of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C) and next consider how the terms “national or international” and “renown” interact. See also Taniguchi v. Kan Pacific Saipan, Ltd., 132 S. Ct. 1997, 2002-03. According to the definitions we have adopted above, “national or international renown” could be restated as “widely acclaimed and highly honored within one or more countries” for purposes of adjudicating 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C) exemption claims. But we note that this regulation cannot be interpreted to permit standards that may allow physicians from certain countries where renown in the field of medicine is more readily achieved – considering factors such as population size and available medical resources – to more easily qualify than those from countries where renown in the field of medicine is more difficult to achieve, notwithstanding whether a physician’s capabilities or achievements in fact are of a lesser order qualitatively. Considering that physicians meeting the requirements for this exemption are permitted to provide patient care in this country without passing the USMLE or establishing competency in English, the standard for national renown should be set at a level that requires achievements necessary to garner national renown in the United States and thus, applied consistently, would obviate potentially adverse effects on U.S. patients. Therefore, with respect to this exemption from the requirements at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(B), while a beneficiary’s accomplishments may achieve renown in a country outside the United States, the petitioner must also demonstrate that such accomplishments are comparable to those that would result in national renown in the field of medicine in the United States. 8 Accordingly, in this context and for purposes of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C), a “physician of national or international renown” is: (1) a doctor of medicine or osteopathy, (2) who is widely acclaimed and highly honored in the field of medicine within one or more countries, (3) so long as

就8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)而言，“national or international”（国内的或国际的）这一短语意为在一个（无论是外国还是美国）或多个国家之内。6 将我们的关注转向“renown”（声誉），该术语的通常理解含义是“the state of being widely acclaimed and highly honored”（被广泛赞誉和高度尊崇的状态）。7 见，例如，Webster's Third New International Dictionary (2017)，可访问http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/unabridged/renown（最后访问于2017年1月4日）。就8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)而言，我们将采纳“renown”的这一通用词典定义，并接下来考虑“national or international”与“renown”这两个术语如何相互作用。另见Taniguchi v. Kan Pacific Saipan, Ltd., 132 S. Ct. 1997, 2002-03。 根据我们上文所采纳的定义，就裁决8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)豁免主张而言，“national or international renown”可以重述为“在一个或多个国家内被广泛赞誉和高度尊崇”。但我们注意到，该法规不能被解释为允许这样的标准，即可能使来自某些国家的医生——考虑到人口规模和可用医疗资源等因素，在这些国家医学领域的声誉更容易获得——比来自医学领域声誉更难获得的国家的医生更容易符合资格，而不论该医生的能力或成就在质量上是否实际上处于较低层次。考虑到符合该豁免要求的医生被允许在本国提供患者护理而无需通过USMLE或证明英语能力，国内声誉的标准应设定在要求达到在美国获得国内声誉所必需的成就的水平，从而一致适用时，可避免对美国患者产生潜在不利影响。 因此，关于对8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(B)要求的这一豁免，虽然受益人的成就可能在美国以外的国家获得声誉，但申请人还必须证明此类成就与在美国医学领域获得国内声誉的成就相当。8 因此，在此语境下并就8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)而言，“physician of national or international renown”（具有国内或国际声誉的医生）是：(1) 医学博士或骨科医学博士，(2) 在一个或多个国家内医学领域被广泛赞誉和高度尊崇，(3) 只要

6 Cf. The Mary Imogene Bassett Hosp., 92-INA-232 (BALCA 1993) (finding the individual was a “physician of national [renown] (in South Africa), but not of international renown in the field of medicine”). 7 In determining whether an individual is “renowned,” we note that this term is also mentioned in connection with the following nonimmigrant classifications: H-1B distinguished merit and ability (prominence) for models, O-1 extraordinary ability (distinction), and P-1 internationally recognized. 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(ii), (o)(3)(ii), (p)(3). More specifically, these categories are described as requiring inter alia “a high level of achievement [in the field] evidenced by a degree of skill and recognition substantially above that ordinarily encountered[,] to the extent that [such achievement] is renowned . . . .” Id. This case, however, focuses solely on how USCIS interprets the phrase “physicians of national or international renown” and each of these individual terms for purposes of the H-1B regulatory provision, 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C). 8 Cf. 9 Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM) 302.1-6(B)(1)(6) (“Evidence required to support a claim to national renown . . . would nonetheless have to show a degree of excellence comparable to that which would result in national renown in the United States.”).

6 参见The Mary Imogene Bassett Hosp., 92-INA-232 (BALCA 1993)（认定该个人是“physician of national [renown] (in South Africa), but not of international renown in the field of medicine”（在南非具有国内[声誉]的医生，但在医学领域不具有国际声誉））。 7 在确定个人是否“renowned”（著名）时，我们注意到该术语还与以下非移民类别相关：H-1B模特杰出功绩和能力（prominence）、O-1杰出能力（distinction）以及P-1国际公认。8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(ii), (o)(3)(ii), (p)(3)。更具体地说，这些类别被描述为要求除其他外，“a high level of achievement [in the field] evidenced by a degree of skill and recognition substantially above that ordinarily encountered[,] to the extent that [such achievement] is renowned . . . .”（[在该领域]取得高水平的成就，表现为技能和认可程度大大高于通常所遇到的[，]达到[此类成就]著名的程度……）。同上。然而，本案仅关注USCIS如何解释“physicians of national or international renown”这一短语以及其中每个单独术语，以适用于H-1B法规条款8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)。 8 参见9 Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM) 302.1-6(B)(1)(6)（“Evidence required to support a claim to national renown . . . would nonetheless have to show a degree of excellence comparable to that which would result in national renown in the United States.”（支持国内声誉主张所需的证据……仍必须显示出与在美国获得国内声誉相当的卓越程度。））。

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the achievements leading to national 9 renown are comparable to that which would result in national renown in the United States. B. Evidence The regulations do not currently provide a list of the specific types of evidence for demonstrating that an alien is a physician of national or international renown under 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C). We therefore reviewed and took into account the types of documentation that are often persuasive in establishing eligibility for these cases, as well as the categories of probative evidence that are described in the regulations for other classifications involving national or international renown, recognition, or acclaim, including H-1B distinguished merit and ability (models), O-1 extraordinary ability, P-1 internationally recognized, and labor certification under Schedule A, Group II Aliens of Exceptional Ability in Sciences or Arts. See 8 C.F.R. §§ 204.5(h)(3), 214.2(h)(4)(vii)(C), (o)(3)(iii)- (v), (p)(4)(ii)(B), (p)(4)(iii)(B)(3). The following is a non-exhaustive list of evidence that, depending on the qualitative nature of the evidence, may establish eligibility for the exemption at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C): 10 • Documentation of the beneficiary’s receipt of nationally or internationally recognized prizes or awards in the field of medicine; • Evidence of the beneficiary’s authorship of scientific or scholarly articles in the field of medicine published in professional journals, major trade publications, or other major media; • Published material about the beneficiary’s work in the medical field that appears in professional journals, major trade publications, or other major media (which includes the title, date, and author of such material); • Evidence that the beneficiary has been employed in a critical, leading, or essential capacity for organizations or establishments that have distinguished reputations in the field of medicine; • Evidence of the beneficiary serving as a speaker or panelist at medical conferences; • Evidence of the beneficiary’s participation as a judge of the work of others in the medical field;

导致国内9声誉的成就与在美国获得国内声誉的成就相当。 B. 证据 法规目前未提供具体证据类型的清单，用以证明外籍人士是8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)项下具有国内或国际声誉的医生。因此，我们审查并考虑了在此类案件中通常具有说服力以确立资格的文件类型，以及法规中针对其他涉及国内或国际声誉、认可或赞誉的类别所描述的有证明力的证据类别，包括H-1B杰出功绩和能力（模特）、O-1杰出能力、P-1国际公认，以及科学或艺术领域特殊才能外籍人士A类附表第二组劳工证。见8 C.F.R. §§ 204.5(h)(3), 214.2(h)(4)(vii)(C), (o)(3)(iii)-(v), (p)(4)(ii)(B), (p)(4)(iii)(B)(3)。以下是一份非穷尽性证据清单，视证据的质量性质而定，可能确立8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)项下豁免的资格：10 • 受益人获得医学领域国内或国际公认奖项或奖励的文件； • 受益人撰写医学领域科学或学术文章并在专业期刊、主要行业出版物或其他主要媒体上发表的证据； • 关于受益人在医学领域工作的已发表材料，出现在专业期刊、主要行业出版物或其他主要媒体上（包括此类材料的标题、日期和作者）； • 受益人在医学领域享有杰出声誉的组织或机构中担任关键、领导或必要职务的证据； • 受益人作为医学会议演讲者或专题小组成员出席的证据； • 受益人作为医学领域他人工作评判人的参与证据；

9 We reserve without answering the question of whether international renown must also be at a level comparable to that which would result in national renown in the United States. 10 The list of documents is not mandatory, exhaustive, or numeric. Rather, it provides guidance as to the types of evidence that may establish eligibility for this exemption. Further, the burden remains on the petitioner to demonstrate how the evidence presented establishes the physician’s national or international renown within one or more countries. See section 291 of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1361 (2012); Matter of Skirball Cultural Ctr., 25 I&N Dec. 799, 806 (AAO 2012).

9 我们保留该问题不予回答，即国际声誉是否也必须达到相当于在美国会形成国内声誉的水平。 10 文件清单不是强制性的、穷尽性的或数量性的。相反，它提供了关于可能证明符合该豁免资格的证据类型的指导。此外，举证责任仍由申请人承担，以证明所提交的证据如何确立该医生在一个或多个国家内的国内或国际声誉。参见该法第291条，8 U.S.C. § 1361 (2012)；Matter of Skirball Cultural Ctr., 25 I&N Dec. 799, 806 (AAO 2012)。

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• Documentation of the beneficiary’s membership in medical associations, which require significant achievements of their members, as judged by recognized experts in the field of medicine; • Evidence that the beneficiary has received recognition for his/her achievements or contributions from recognized authorities in the field of medicine; and • Any other evidence demonstrating the beneficiary’s achievements, contributions, and/or acclaim in the medical field. 11 IV. DISCUSSION In the instant case, the Petitioner is a university that operates a multidisciplinary academic medical center, which is nationally ranked in the United States in several medical specialties. In this matter, the Petitioner states that the Beneficiary will be expected to perform duties in the areas of teaching, research, and clinical patient care, with patient care being the primary component of the position. The petition was accompanied by evidence that the Beneficiary received a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Saskatchewan in Canada and has licentiate status with the Medical Council of Canada. 12 The Beneficiary possesses an active license to practice medicine in Ohio, the state of intended employment. The Petitioner asserts that the Beneficiary is exempt from the U.S. medical licensing examination requirement, because he is a physician of both national and international renown in the field of medicine, specifically in orthopedic surgery. In support of this assertion, the Petitioner provided relevant, credible, and probative evidence regarding the Beneficiary’s credentials and employment demonstrating that he is highly trained and experienced in arthroscopy, sports medicine, and arthroscopic hip surgery. This evidence also establishes that the volume and complexity of procedures the Beneficiary has performed places him at a level of clinical experience in the subspecialty of orthopedic sports medicine matched by few others in the world. The record shows that the majority of these surgical procedures performed by

• 证明受益人系医学协会成员的文档，该协会要求其成员具有由医学领域公认专家评判的重大成就； • 证明受益人因其成就或贡献获得医学领域公认权威认可的证据；以及 • 任何其他证明受益人在医学领域的成就、贡献和/或赞誉的证据。11 IV. 讨论 在本案中，申请人是运营一个多学科学术医疗中心的大学，该中心在美国若干医学专科中位列全国排名。在本案中，申请人称受益人将被期望在教学、研究和临床患者护理领域履行职责，其中患者护理是该职位的主要组成部分。 该申请附有证据表明受益人从加拿大萨斯喀彻温大学获得医学博士学位，并拥有加拿大医学委员会的执业资格。12 受益人持有在预期就业州俄亥俄州执业的有效执照。申请人主张，受益人免于美国医学执照考试要求，因为他是医学领域、特别是骨科手术领域具有国内和国际声誉的医生。 为支持该主张，申请人提供了关于受益人资历和就业的相关、可信和具有证明力的证据，证明他在关节镜、运动医学和关节镜髋关节手术方面训练有素且经验丰富。该证据还证明，受益人已实施的手术数量和复杂性使他在骨科运动医学亚专科的临床经验水平达到世界上很少有人能匹敌的程度。记录显示，这些外科手术中的大多数由

11 We recognize that a petitioner seeking eligibility under 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C) is requesting an exemption to either the teaching or research provisions or the USMLE and English testing requirements for purposes of classification of the beneficiary as an H-1B nonimmigrant, and not an immigrant visa classification as an alien of exceptional ability in the sciences. See 8 C.F.R. § 204.5(k)(2) (defining exceptional ability as “a degree of expertise significantly above that ordinarily encountered in the arts, sciences, or business”). We further recognize that the “national or international renown” standard is not the same as that required to demonstrate extraordinary ability. See 8 C.F.R. §§ 204.5(h)(2) and 214.2(o)(3)(ii) (defining extraordinary ability as “a level of expertise indicating that the person is one of the small percentage who have arisen to the very top of their field of endeavor”). Although the types of evidence that may be submitted in support of any of these types of cases may be similar, the standard to establish an individual as a physician of national or international renown is not equivalent to the eligibility standards for these other categories. 12 The University of Saskatchewan is a school of medicine accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education. See 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(B)(2)(ii). For additional information, see the Liaison Committee on Medical Education website at http://lcme.org/directory/ (last visited Jan. 4, 2017).

11 我们认识到，寻求根据8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(C)获得资格的申请人，是为将受益人归类为H-1B非移民而请求豁免教学或研究条款或USMLE和英语测试要求，而不是作为科学领域特殊才能外国人申请移民签证归类。参见8 C.F.R. § 204.5(k)(2)（将特殊才能定义为“显著高于艺术、科学或商业中通常遇到的专业知识程度”）。我们进一步认识到，“国内或国际声誉”标准与证明杰出能力所需的标准不同。参见8 C.F.R. §§ 204.5(h)(2)和214.2(o)(3)(ii)（将杰出能力定义为“表明该人是已上升至其努力领域最顶端的少数百分比之一的专业知识水平”）。尽管为支持任何此类案件可能提交的证据类型可能相似，但确立个人为具有国内或国际声誉的医生的标准并不等同于这些其他类别的资格标准。 12 萨斯喀彻温大学是一所由医学教育联络委员会认证的医学院。参见8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(viii)(B)(2)(ii)。更多信息，请参见医学教育联络委员会网站http://lcme.org/directory/（最后访问于2017年1月4日）。

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the Beneficiary took place at one of the most respected medical facilities for the subspecialty in Australia. The record also evinces the Beneficiary’s authorship of scholarly works. The Petitioner emphasizes in particular an article written by the Beneficiary regarding orthopedic surgery procedures and practices published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American volume), a top-ranking journal in the field of orthopedics. 13 The Petitioner provided evidence that the Beneficiary’s article garnered numerous independent citations by peers in professional journals, major trade publications, and other major media. Further, the record demonstrates that the Beneficiary’s work has been presented at major medical conferences in the United States, Canada, and France. The Petitioner submitted letters from physicians who are recognized authorities in the field of orthopedic medicine in the United States and abroad and who attest to the Beneficiary’s renown in the field of orthopedic surgery. Specifically, the authors describe and corroborate his level of clinical experience, expertise performing surgery in his subspecialty, and accomplishments in Canada and Australia. The documentation shows that the Beneficiary’s work is at a degree of excellence comparable to that which would result in national renown in the United States. The Petitioner references other documentation to be considered in support of the petition. Specifically, the record contains evidence that the Beneficiary served as a physician for a nationally ranked sports team in Canada. Further, the Petitioner asserts that the Beneficiary’s salary in the proffered position should be considered, as it is significantly higher than others within the occupation and reflects the value of his prior experience and reputation. Upon review of the totality of the evidence, we find that the Petitioner has shown by a preponderance of evidence that the Beneficiary is widely acclaimed and highly honored in at least one country in the medical subspecialty of orthopedic sports medicine at a level of renown comparable to that in the United States. 14 See Matter of Chawathe, 25 I&N Dec. 369, 376 (AAO 2010) (“The ‘preponderance of the evidence’ standard requires that the evidence demonstrate that the applicant’s claim is ‘probably true,’ where the determination of ‘truth’ is made based on the factual circumstances of each individual case.”). Accordingly, we conclude that the Beneficiary is a physician of national renown in the field of medicine and, thus, is exempt from the medical licensing examination requirement. As the Beneficiary satisfies the other requirements for approval, including

受益人在澳大利亚该亚专科最受尊敬的医疗机构之一进行。 记录还表明受益人是学术作品的作者。申请人特别强调受益人撰写的一篇关于骨科手术程序和实践的文章，发表在《骨与关节外科杂志》（美国版），这是骨科领域排名最高的期刊。13 申请人提供证据表明受益人的文章被专业期刊、主要行业出版物和其他主要媒体中的同行大量独立引用。此外，记录表明受益人的工作已在美国、加拿大和法国的主要医学会议上展示。 申请人提交了美国及国外骨科医学领域公认权威医生的信件，他们证明受益人在骨科手术领域的声誉。具体而言，作者描述并证实了他的临床经验水平、在其亚专科实施手术的专业知识以及在加拿大和澳大利亚的成就。文件显示，受益人的工作达到与美国会形成国内声誉相当程度的卓越水平。 申请人提及其他应考虑以支持该申请的文件。具体而言，记录包含证据表明受益人曾担任加拿大一支全国排名运动队的医生。此外，申请人主张应考虑受益人在所提供职位中的薪资，因为其显著高于该职业中的其他人，并反映其先前经验和声誉的价值。 在审查全部证据后，我们认定申请人已以优势证据证明受益人在至少一个国家在骨科运动医学医学亚专科中广受赞誉并备受尊崇，其声誉水平与美国相当。14 参见Matter of Chawathe, 25 I&N Dec. 369, 376 (AAO 2010)（“‘优势证据’标准要求证据证明申请人的主张‘可能为真’，其中‘真实性’的确定基于每个个案的事实情况。”）。因此，我们认定受益人是医学领域具有国内声誉的医生，因而免于医学执照考试要求。由于受益人满足批准的其他要求，包括

13 In support of this assertion, the Petitioner “dotted the ‘i’,” in the Ohio-based university’s tradition, by providing documentation from the Thomas Reuters Journal Citation Reports® website indicating the journal’s high standing with regard to several defined categories, including its Impact Factor, Total Cites, and Total Articles. The page links to the independent Eigenfactor® webpage, which confirms the journal’s score as being in the top 95 th percentile, and its article influence score as within the top 78 th percentile. 14 The Petitioner asserts that the Beneficiary is a physician of national and international renown in the field of medicine. Applying the standard above, the evidence presented is sufficient to support a determination that the Beneficiary’s national renown in the field of medicine is at a level comparable to that which would result in national renown in the United States. Accordingly, we need not address here whether the Beneficiary is internationally renowned or generally, as noted above, whether international renown must also be at a level comparable to that which would result in national renown in the United States.

13 为支持该主张，申请人按照俄亥俄州立大学的传统“在‘i’上点了点”，提供了Thomas Reuters Journal Citation Reports®网站的文件，表明该期刊在若干定义类别中的高地位，包括其影响因子、总引用次数和总文章数。该页面链接到独立的Eigenfactor®网页，该网页确认该期刊的得分为前95百分位，其文章影响力得分为前78百分位。 14 申请人主张受益人是医学领域具有国内和国际声誉的医生。适用上述标准，所提交的证据足以支持认定受益人在医学领域的国内声誉达到相当于在美国会形成国内声誉的水平。因此，我们无需在此讨论受益人是否具有国际声誉，或如上所述，国际声誉是否也必须达到相当于在美国会形成国内声誉的水平。

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Matter of T-O-S-U- Adopted Decision

Matter of T-O-S-U- 通过的决定

that he possesses a license to practice medicine in the state of intended employment, the petition will be approved. V. CONCLUSION The burden is on the Petitioner to show eligibility for the immigration benefit sought. Section 291 of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1361; Matter of Otiende, 26 I&N Dec. 127, 128 (BIA 2013). Here, that burden has been met. Accordingly, the Director’s decision is withdrawn. ORDER: The appeal is sustained. Cite as Matter of T-O-S-U-, Adopted Decision 2017-01 (AAO Jan. 4, 2017)

他持有在预期就业州执业的医学执照，该申请将获批准。 V. 结论 申请人负有证明所寻求移民福利资格的举证责任。该法第291条，8 U.S.C. § 1361；Matter of Otiende, 26 I&N Dec. 127, 128 (BIA 2013)。在此，该举证责任已满足。因此，主任的决定被撤回。 命令： 上诉获支持。 引用为Matter of T-O-S-U-, Adopted Decision 2017-01 (AAO Jan. 4, 2017)

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