人道类申请政策快讯
庇护者和难民身份调整的1年实际居住要求
美国公民及移民服务局（USCIS）正在更新《USCIS政策手册》中的政策指南，以澄清申请身份调整的难民和庇护者适用1年实际居住要求的问题。
生效与适用安排
手册，立即生效
查看公告要点与逐项依据
依据下方官方正文整理，可逐项核对原文。
具体变化
政策指南明确：庇护身份者和难民在调整身份时，须在身份调整申请审理时（而非提交申请时）已累积满1年实际居留；美国公民及移民服务局可要求补充信息以认定在美实际居留。
核对依据
Provides that asylees and refugees are required to accrue 1 year of physical presence by the time of adjudication of the adjustment of status application, rather than by the time they file the application (and that USCIS may request additional information to determine such physical presence in the United States).查看对应正文政策指南澄清：曾持交流访问者身份（J-1或J-2非移民）且受《移民与国籍法》第212(e)条两年外国居留要求约束的庇护身份或难民调整身份申请人，依第209条调整身份时无需遵守该要求或取得豁免。
核对依据
Clarifies that asylee and refugee adjustment applicants who have held the immigration status of exchange visitor (J-1 or J-2 nonimmigrants) and who are subject to the 2-year foreign residence requirement under INA 212(e) are not required to comply with or obtain a waiver of such requirement in order to adjust status under INA 209.查看对应正文政策指南作出技术性更新，包括澄清难民申请不可入境豁免的处理步骤，并删除对已废止的《永久居民身份申请决定表》（Form I-291）的引用。
核对依据
Makes technical updates, including clarifying processing steps for refugees seeking waivers of inadmissibility and removing references to the obsolete Decision on Application for Status as Permanent Resident (Form I-291).查看对应正文适用对象
适用对象为申请调整身份的难民和庇护身份者，包括曾持J-1或J-2交流访问者身份且受《移民与国籍法》第212(e)条两年外国居留要求约束的调整身份申请人。
核对依据
asylees and refugees are required to accrue 1 year of physical presence by the time of adjudication of the adjustment of status application查看对应正文asylee and refugee adjustment applicants who have held the immigration status of exchange visitor (J-1 or J-2 nonimmigrants) and who are subject to the 2-year foreign residence requirement under INA 212(e)查看对应正文时间与效力
1年实际居留的认定时点为身份调整申请的审理时，而非提交申请时；美国公民及移民服务局可在审理时要求补充信息以认定在美实际居留。
核对依据
by the time of adjudication of the adjustment of status application, rather than by the time they file the application (and that USCIS may request additional information to determine such physical presence in the United States)查看对应正文条件与例外
对于在未满1年实际居留前提交调整申请、但已调整为永久居民的难民或庇护身份者，若在调整身份申请获批时已满足实际居留要求，美国公民及移民服务局在入籍目的上视其为合法获准永久居留。
核对依据
USCIS considers a refugee or asylee who adjusted status to a permanent resident despite filing for adjustment before accruing 1 year of physical presence to have been lawfully admitted for permanent residence for purposes of naturalization if the applicant satisfied the physical presence requirement at the time of approval of the adjustment of status application.查看对应正文主要变更
- 美国公民及移民服务局（USCIS）正在更新《USCIS政策手册》中的政策指南，以澄清申请身份调整的难民和庇护者适用1年实际居住要求的问题。
- 规定庇护者和难民必须在身份调整申请裁定之时，而非提交申请之时，累积1年实际居住（且USCIS可要求提供额外信息以确定在美国的实际居住）。
- 澄清曾持有交流访问者（J-1或J-2非移民）移民身份且受《移民与国籍法》第212(e)条2年外国居住要求约束的庇护者和难民身份调整申请人，无需遵守或获得该要求的豁免即可根据《移民与国籍法》第209条调整身份。
- 进行技术性更新，包括澄清寻求不可入境豁免的难民的处理步骤，并删除对已过时的《永久居民身份申请决定》（表格I-291）的引用。
- 规定USCIS认为，尽管在累积1年实际居住前提交了身份调整申请，但若申请人在身份调整申请批准时满足实际居住要求，则已调整身份为永久居民的难民或庇护者，就入籍而言，已被合法接纳为永久居民。
